Physics of Music Essay example -- physics music sound

Fluid Behaviors of Sound Waves Sound is capable of being produced only if a medium is present. By this, I mean that, for there to be sound, there must be air. For a sound wave to be emitted by an instrument and be received by a listener, the instrument must excite the air around it and propagate its energy through the air, in the form of compression/longitudinal waves. When received by the listener, the waves pulse the eardrums with the same varying frequencies as they were emitted. An instrument shakes to produce its tone In instruments, air is excited and set into oscillation by vibrations. Instruments use such mechanisms as strings (violin and guitar), bars or rods (marimba and chimes and reeds), membranes (drum heads), plates or shells (cymbals or gongs), air in tubes (woodwinds and brass), or volumes of air enclosed in vessels (drum and string bodies) to produce vibrations. Sound oscillations are created as the oscillating instrument vibrates a column of air and â€Å"bumps† the air that is within immediate proximity. This bump sends out a compression, also called longitudinal, waves in all directions. The tone of a brass instrument is produced as a player contracts their embouchure and expels a jet of air in order to vibrate their lips, and thereby vibrate the air in the tubing of their horn. The tone of reed instruments (single or double) is produced by holding a reed rigid and forcing air over, or through. When this happens, the reed vibrates, creating an oscillation. The tone of flute instruments is produced when air blown over the mouthpiece hole excites surrounding particles. When the vibrations of these surrounding particles match the natural frequency of the instrument, the column of air inside the ins... ...requency higher and into a higher row of harmonics. How Does Any of this Relate to Music? Okay, so I just spent the last several pages expressing fluid, energy, and math properties of how sound is put through air. But this essay is dedicated to the physics of music! Simply, none of the attributes of sound, as I have described them in the other pages in terms of physics, are not in any way musical. Music and physics really only have one point of connection, that music is made by manipulating the mechanics of air oscillations--how the signals are emitted by the instruments and received by the listeners. Music itself, however, is made by how the listener interprets or experiences those signals. As stated in Levarie and Levy's, Tone, A study in Musical Acoustics, "Music is not 'something that happens in the air.' It is something that happens in the soul."

Cultural Diversity Reflection

Journal Reflection The key points In the assigned reading are as follows: 5 Dimension of multicultural education (Banks, pig 31-36) * content Integration: teaching multiple cultures and perspectives in each lesson. Knowledge Construction Process: establishes methods teachers use to encourage student learning In order for students to understand. * Prejudice Reduction: there are no racial barriers.Teachers are bias to any one culture, ethnic, race, and/or social group which will help develop students with positive racial attitudes. Equity Pedagogy: modifying of teaching methods to allow students from diverse racial, cultural groups and both genders to succeed. * Empowering School and Social Culture: viewing the school as a whole not Just as individuals for fairness regarding culture. 8 Characteristics of Multicultural School (Banks, pig 37-38) School staff and administrations attitudes and expectations for students * Curriculum to be for all cultures, ethnics and both genders * Teachin g and learning style coincides with the cultural diversity * Respect for first language and elect * Instructional materials are to be transformed so they are not pertaining to one social class * Assessment and testing procedure: multicultural students are not classified as mentally retarded they are classified as gifted and talented * Hidden curriculum Is never taught but the students learn It. Counseling program allows multicultural students reach their goals by the counselors slanting with choices to make. 4 Elements of creating a partnership between school and diverse families (Washman and Bowen, pig 9) Approach-staff reaching out to families * Attitude-communicating with the families and knowing the students * Atmosphere-structuring a welcoming environment * Actions/Activities-creating support systems for teachers and families to better communicate within the school and outside the community Based on this weeks readings, there are three major things that I have come to a conclus ion about and that is as educators not only do we need to have the knowledge, we need to care, and take action.We need to educate our students, aren't, and community, on the diversity of culture in order for us to become one nation. We need to care about one another no matter what culture, ethnic, racial, sexuality, or gender they are. We all need to take action to make the difference. Society is not going to change if one person accepts diversity, we all need to. Remember, trot last week, lesson, balancing unity and diversity will create the multicultural community In the classroom as we are all equal. The key words there are † Where does the knowledge come from?Educators can dead multicultural literature to have more perspectives on Issues that may arise. Educators need to know the cultures of their students and understand their students. This week lesson reminded me off movie, â€Å"Pay It Forward† when this boy wanted to make a deterrence so en brought in a homeless man Ted and bathed n and told him that he had to pay it forward. Throughout the movie the student helped five people and those five had to help five. Well, at the end, the student died however, he left a legend throughout the US because many states were â€Å"paying it forward† thanks to him.I believe that as an educator if we know, care, and take action, we can develop the unity in the classroom and start the pay it forward process with the world in hopes of having one nation of equality. Reference Banks, James. (2008). An Introduction to Multicultural Education, 4th De. Pearson. â€Å"Strengthening Connections Between Schools and Diverse Families: A Cultural Capital Perspective,† by Washman and Bowen (2010) Retrieved July 12, 2013 from http:// shies. Obscenest. Com. Library. GU. Du:2048/ghost/petrified/petrified? @commissionaires;vivid&hid=3

Principles of beneficence and non-maleficence Essay

_In order to have a common basis of understanding some words need to be defined:_ _BENEFICENCE:_ _The action of helping others and performing actions that would result in benefit to another person._ _NON-MALEFICENCE:_ _The avoidance of causing harm or evil by doing a certain action or by not doing any action at all._ _PHYSICIAN:_ _is a professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments_. _TORT_ : A civil wrong committed against a person or property, excluding breach of contract. BENEFICENCE AND NON-MALEFICENCE As the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence are closely related, they are discussed together in this section. Beneficence involves balancing the benefits of treatment against the risks and costs involved, whereas non-maleficence means avoiding the causation of harm. As many treatments involve some degree of harm, the principle of non-maleficence would imply that the harm should not be disproportionate to the benefit of the treatment. Respecting the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence may in certain circumstances mean failing to respect a person’s autonomy i.e. respecting their views about a particular treatment. For example, it may be necessary to provide treatment that is not desired in order to prevent the development of a future, more serious health problem. The treatment might be unpleasant, uncomfortable or even painful but this might involve less harm to the patient than would occur, were they not to have it. In cases where the patient lacks legal competence to make a decision, medical staffs are expected to act in the best interests of the patient. In doing  so, they may take into account the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. However, it would be helpful for medical staff in such cases, if the patient lacking capacity had made an advance directive. Nevertheless, as will be seen in the following section on â€Å"the position of advance directives alongside current wishes†, problems may arise when there is a conflict between what a person requested in an advance directive and what in the physician’s view is in their best interests, particularly in cases where it is no longer clear that the person in question would still agree with the decision previously made. Examples of Beneficence: Resuscitating a drowning victim. Providing vaccinations for the general population. Encouraging a person to quit smoking, etc. Examples of Non-maleficence: Stopping a medication that is shown to be harmful. Refusing to provide a treatment that has not been shown to be effective. One of the most common ethical dilemmas arises in the balancing of beneficence and non-maleficence. This balance is the one between the benefits and risks of treatment and plays a role in nearly every medical decision such as whether to order a particular test, medication, procedure, operation or treatment. By providing informed consent, physicians give patients the information necessary to understand the scope and nature of the potential risks and benefits in order to make a decision. Ultimately it is the patient who assigns weight to the risks and benefits. Nonetheless, the potential benefits of any intervention must outweigh the risks in order for the action to be ethical. TORTS Also known as Negligence, the person guilty of committing a tort is called TORTFEASOR. The two types of torts are: _Intentional_: such as ASSAULT (threat or bodily harm to another), BATTERY (An action that causes bodily harm or injury), DEFAMATION OF CHARACTER (An action damaging a person’s reputation by making public statements), FALSE IMPRISONMENT (Intentional and unlawful restraint or confinement of one person by another), FRAUD (Intentional misrepresentation to take advantage of the resources of another person), INVASION OF PRIVACY (An intrusion into a person’s seclusion or private affairs). _Unintentional_: this one is when there is a non intended harm is caused but committed unreasonably or with a disregard for the consequences. There are four elements that make a person eligible for liability. Those elements are known as †THE FOUR D’S OF NEGLIGENCE†, which are: Duty, Derelict, Direct Cause and Damages. A complaint has to include all four elements or the court will not consider the claim. In conclusion, the presence of these two principles is important because, they provide a system of checks and balances for providers and patients in making decisions concerning medical care, and they are necessary to a patient’s autonomy or independence in making his/her own decision.

Story Structure 3 Main Templates for Structuring an Unforgettable Story

Story Structure 3 Main Templates for Structuring an Unforgettable Story Story Structure: 3 Main Templates for Structuring an Unforgettable Story Your story structure does matter.Not only was Rome not built in a day, but it also wasn’t built without a plan. London was built without a plan.Hit some Google maps and look at an aerial view of both cities. You will see the difference.And your readers will definitely see the difference if your book doesnt have a cohesive structureand they will not be back for more.The three main types of story structure well cover are:3 Act StructureHeros JourneyThe 5 MilestonesNOTE: If you want a coach to help you plan out your story structure, check out our VIP Fiction Self-Publishing Program for that, and so much more. Learn more about it hereWhat is story structure?There are a few main types of story structure but overall, the structure of your story is how the events are laid out with an emphasis on using each part to further the story in an intriguing and cohesive structure.Structure, suffice it to say, is important. The structure makes all the difference in creating a narrative that is poignant and satisfying. More importantly, structure helps you, as the writer, keep track of all the events so that characters and story elements don’t fall through the cracks.Keeping track of story elements makes writing a lot easier. Like following a recipe, it keeps you from leaving out important bits or putting in too much of others. Even simple stories contain numerous smaller nuances that, when forgotten, lead to disaster.Watch any B movie from the 80s and you can see places where the editor, the script, and the director all lost the plotdont allow that when writing a novel yourself.Furthermore, readers expect certain structures within story. They have an emotional attachment to certain pacing. They start to feel anxious if an element they are expecting hasn’t yet occurred, or never occurs.Depending on the book genre, manipulating these expectations is a part of the style.If you want to keep track of all of this, weve put together all three of these methods into story structure templates for you.To gain access to all three, fill out the form below: Why focus on the structure of a story?Much like the streets of Rome, you want your story to get somewhere.You might enjoy meandering through London’s sprawling game trails turned roadways, but you want to get somewhere eventually.That is why a story structure serves as a map to guide you, the characters, and the reader to an eventual, and hopefully rewarding, destination. Some of the most famous stories out there have a very specific, replicable story structure that has served them well.Thats why we always recommend outlining your book using these methods for planning your novel. Story Structure: 3 Templates for Getting it RightNow that we’ve stressed the need for a story structure its time to learn about your options. Story structures don’t have to be confining, rigid, things.They work best when used as signposts and tentpoles, holding up the scaffolding and guiding you on your way. Note that a story structure is somewhat different than a story shape. The shape is more about the feel and thrust of a story over its arrangement.Story Structure #1 The 3 Act PlayThe most basic of story structures, very popular in Hollywood style films, is the 3 Act Play.Many world-famous novels use this structure, including:Ember in the Ashes by Sabaa TahirTwilight by Stephenie MeyerThe Hunger Games by Suzanne CollinsThis structure relies on a total of five elements which includes the acts themselves, composed of various scenes, and two key transitions, referred to as pinches here.Here is the three-act structure broken down:Act 1: Setup Were introduced to the main players as well as the main conflict. We understand the voice, tone, and direction of the story.Pinch 1 This is when the initial conflict arises (sometimes known as the inciting incident).Act 2: Confrontation Were in the thick of the main conflict here, along with some secondary conflicts. Were faced with difficult (seemingly impossible) odds to overcome.Pinch 2 The conflicts addressed in Act 2 come to a head, and decisions need to be made. This is often the moment where all hope is lost for your protagonist.Act 3: Resolution Everything boils down to this act. All of the conflict, subplots, and challenges arise and the climax kicks off, shortly followed by the resolution of the story.In the past, plays were structured with five acts, with two of the acts serving as long-form versions of the modern transitional elements of Pinch 1 and 2. These have faded, partially because audiences have adapted to storytelling tropes and don’t need them spelled out. Also, stage tech, at least in plays, has advanced, requiring less busy work on the fringes to enact scenery changes for the more crucial acts.Act 1 The SetupThe first act introduces the characters with some mild character development and sets up the conflict. Take Romeo and Juliet (a fine example because we can discuss both the play’s 5 act structure and the films 3 act version).The major players are all introdu ced in the first act and then attend a party. This gives us further information about each character in how they rep and participate in the party. We also see their conflicting social dynamics.We set up an additional set of character dynamics between Romeo vs Paris as parties interested in Juliet and Mercutio and Tybalt as loyal but antagonistic figures.Pinch 1 occurs at the end of the first act, introducing the conflict of the young couples’ love for each other. Act 2 The ConfrontationIn the play this is developed through the second act as the stakes for the lovers is spelled out. They marry in secret and that forms the end of the major plot point, the star-crossed lovers are not just passingly at odds with their society.Within the 3 act structure, this is a single plot point. We get that they love each other, and that love means marriage.Then, the middle act is the apprehension of their actions bringing about unintended, but not unforeseeable consequences.The second act is often the longest as it is the place where elements move and forces muster. Everyone has to get into further trouble, further develop their roles, and gain power toward a resolution.Act 2 ends shortly after a complication that brings the elements to a head. No longer able to maintain the secret, Romeo is confronted with a duel and his actions result in the death of his friend which then results in his banishment once he kills Tybalt.Act 3 The ResolutionAct 3 then begins with the fallout of these actions.With Romeo headed to banishment, Juliet seeks a drastic plan to keep him around. She fakes her death to bring out the true feelings of the interested parties.Since it is a tragedy, Romeo to get the clever reveal of the ruse and kills himself rather than being alone, though your story structure doesnt have to follow this specific tragic ending.Juliet then has to kill herself in turn and we end up with a high body count to bring the story to a close.Story Structure #2 Hero’s JourneyWhile the 3 Act structure works well for simple, straightforward stories, it doesn’t have the necessary oomph to underpin more nuanced tales.When the good guys and bad guys are less black and white, you need to reach for the ancient wheel that is the Hero’s Journey.The journey typically consists of 12 steps. It is the backbone of traditional storytelling, except it works and is a joy to take part in.Older versions of the structure had more steps, the Tarot stemmed from an early understanding of this story structure starting with the fool (our hero) and ending with the world (resolution or complete understanding).Here are the 12 steps of the heros journey:The Ordinary WorldCall to AdventureRefusing the CallMeeting a MentorCrossing the ThresholdTests, Allies, and EnemiesApproach the Innermost CircleThe OrdealSeizing the TalismanThe Road AheadResurrectionReturn with the ElixirThese steps explain, in detail, the trajectory of the story while leaving room to put in differing characters and pursuits of different ideals. While many contemporary stories still follow this structure, it is easiest to see it in the light of an epic.We’ll use Lord of the Rings as an example of this story structure. While the entire story follows the structure multiple times, we’ll stick to Frodo’s arc.Step 1 The Ordinary WorldThe Lord of the Rings story begins, rather appropriately, in the most banal land in Middle Earth. The Shire is a pure ordinary world where nothing too much happens, and everyone lives without any idea that better or worse things exist outside its borders. (Well, they have some idea, but go the cognitive dissonance route to ignore it.)Step 2 The Call to AdventureThe Call to Adventure comes when Gandalf shows up in search of the One Ring.He tells Frodo a quest needs to be taken up but doesn’t give the full details. T his bleeds into Refusing the Call as Frodo accepts part of the responsibility, without understanding the rest.Step 3 Refusing the CallRefusing the Call is about seeing what has to be done and deciding there has to be someone else.A good hero, like a proper Platonic philosopher-king, needs to reject the call first to be more worthy of it. Frodo will finish Refusing the Call later in Rivendell as he tries to bargain that others are more capable.Step 4 Meeting a MentorThough Gandalf served as a Mentor in The Hobbit, Aragorn (as Strider) is the Mentor here.Meeting him gets the four hobbits along the correct path and out of the shying away into the real journey. The Mentor often brings insight, training, or purpose to a hero.Step 5 Crossing the ThresholdCrossing the Threshold reflects the hero facing a challenge and realizing they can make a difference.For Frodo, this occurs twice, the first time as he faces the barrow wraiths and rescues his friends, the second is surviving the orc a ttack in Moria. Both thresholds show the power of gifts he received from Biblo but also hint at how friendship will play a role in his other tests.Step 6 Tests, Allies, and EnemiesTests, Allies, and Enemies is a larger middle section of the Hero’s Journey which winds through other elements.The gathering of the fellowship is a gaining of allies, their journey is a test, the fellowship mirrors the numbers of the enemy Ring Wraiths.This step might not necessarily be a solid, definable moment, but rather something that has been happening throughout the story until this point.Step 7 Approach the Innermost CircleApproach the Innermost Circle is a great danger, if not the greatest danger, a hero faces.Within Frodo’s journey, this is when he attempts to leave the rest of the group behind, going alone on the river because he fears what will happen if he keeps with the group.This moment in your story should be high tension, with consequences that impact the overall plot.Step 8 The OrdealThe Ordeal is what takes place inside the Innermost Circle.In the wastes of Mordor, Frodo must hold out against the weight of the One Ring. It is a prolonged Ordeal but well within the idea of the step.This is another step that can fall within a previous step.Step 9 Seizing the TalismanSeizing the Talisman is about gaining an object of power that will turn the tide for the hero.Tolkien has many of these for other characters, usually in the form of legendary or magical weapons they acquire. For Frodo, the specifics of the talisman are in his pity on Gollum.Step 10 The Road AheadThe Road Ahead takes the hero from the talisman to a final conflict.In this case, Frodo is betrayed by Gollum and nearly killed by Shelob, saved only by the friendship with Samwise.The consequences of Seizing the Talisman are usually a downward turn, comparable with Pinch 2 from the 3 Act structure.Step 11 ResurrectionResurrection often involves a person, or entity returning after being thought dead.Gandalf becomes the white, Luke comes back with a mechanical hand, Frodo fails to discard the ring and has to be attacked by Gollum.Frodo’s resurrection is being saved at the last moment by his previous good decisions, often a resurrection succeeds because of past decisions by a hero and rarely the actions they take in that moment.Step 12 Return with the ElixirFinally, the hero must Return with the Elixir, taking everything they have learned and accomplished back to the Ordinary World they once inhabited.Frodo and Sam arrive to take on Saruman, showing their knowledge and skill acquired through the Journey to return the land to peace.This is often the last chapter, showing your character/s returning to their life or beginning to create their new life.Story Structure #3 The 5 MilestonesIf the previous two structures seemed restrictive or overly elaborate (the Hero’s Journey is 12 freaken steps, after all) then the 5 Milestones structure is for you.This structure keeps it simple by focusing on five plot points, usually one or two scenes each, that create the scaffold of the story. These Milestones have to go in order, but the space between them can be adjusted quite a lot.Here are the 5 Milestones for this story structure:SetupInciting Incident1st Slap2nd SlapClimaxWe’ll use the Hunger Games to rundown this structure.Milestone 1 The SetupThe first Milestone works just like the 3 Act and the Ordinary World. It shouldn’t be surprising as beginnings all need to do the same thing.Collins sets her premise up by explaining the reason there are districts, why the Games exist, and introducing Katniss as the protagonist.We know, rather quickly, that the world is dystopian and unfair, and we know the main character has the skills to make an impact.Milestone 2 The Inciting IncidentThis leads to the Inciting Incident, the kickoff to the main plot and conflict in your novel.In this case, Katniss’ own sister is chosen to take part in the Games. A task she is not ready for and will likely not survive. Not only that, it will spell disaster for the rest of the District if or when she fails.That spec ific moment is the inciting incident because it leads to Katnisss next decision, which kicks off the entire point of the book: Katniss volunteers to be the tribute.This sets the rest of the plot in motion while also anchoring the reader to the motives of the hero.Milestone 3 The 1st SlapThe 1st Slap, much like Pinch 1, sets the stakes and introduces the larger plot.The Inciting Incident is often character motivating and motivated. The 1st Slap is usually external, a factor within the world that must be overcome. The opening of the Games sets the stakes and shows the danger Katniss will face. This parallels Crossing the Threshold in the Heros Journey story structure, where first blood is drawn and the hero, as well as the reader, see the reality of the dangers.Rather than simply being told â€Å"there be dragons†, they see one firsthand.The 1st Slap also makes good on the promise of adventure by putting the hero into the middle of a peril that they must escape. There is no tu rning back, only moving forward.Milestone 4 The 2nd SlapThis takes us into the 2nd Slap. Here, we see things get worse like a Pinch 2, but we see the hope on the horizon.We know the Talisman, as seen in the Heros Journey story structure, is out there to be seized.In The Hunger Games, this is seen by Katniss working out a plan to fake a relationship with Peta to get support from the outside; a means of survival. She needs to keep him alive for his sake, and for hers. He is dying from an infection and she is told there will be an item she needs at the feast.The feast is a huge risk, but it offers hope. She must take the chance. Things go badly, of course, and the hope teeters her on ruin.Milestone 5 The ClimaxAll of this creates the landscape for the final Milestone: The Climax.With the Games coming down to just Peta or Katniss, we go back to the events of the Inciting Incident and loop that motivation into how the hero wins.Frodo helped Gollum, who saves him in return (not out of g ood intent, but it gets us there). Katniss has a need to protect others, all her actions follow that desire.She sees a way to save Peta by threatening herself. This kind of character-driven resolution makes for a rewarding story and makes it easy to weave the details of your final victory throughout.Your readers stay looped into the triumph because they root for the character because they like them, not because the plot says that they win.The secret to making a story kickass is to make it come from within. A good reader can smell a set up a mile away. A good reader also loves to see a Milestone achieved.There you have it, three ways to get a story from ‘In the Beginning’ to ‘The End’ that will keep you focused and organized. The reader will know what you’re doing, following along through the peaks and valleys, the twists and turns, confident that your roadmap will lead somewhere promising.Start Your Story Off Right TODAYIf you have a writing prompt o r story idea and youre ready to write your book, dont do it alone.Check out this free training to help you go from idea, to outline, to finished book.

How to Use Shakespeare Quotes

How to Use Shakespeare Quotes You can make your essays interesting by adding a famous quote, and there is nobody better than a Shakespeare to quote! However, many students feel intimidated at the thought of quoting Shakespeare. Some fear that they may end up using the quote in the wrong context; others may worry about using the quote verbatim, owing to the archaic Shakespearan expressions. If you wish to learn how to skillfully quote Shakespeare, you have reached the right place. In this article, you will learn how to use quotes from Shakespeare in your own writing and how to attribute the quote correctly.   Find the Right Shakespeare Quote You can refer to your favorite resources, be it your school library, a public library, or of course, your favorite content destination on the internet- thoughtco.com. Make sure that you use a reliable source that gives you complete attribution, which includes the name of the author, the play title, the act, and the scene number. Using the Quote You will find that the language used in Shakespeare plays have archaic expressions that were used during the Elizabethan era. If you are unfamiliar with this language, you run the risk of not using the quote correctly. To avoid making mistakes, be sure to use the quote verabatim- in exactly the same words as in the original source. Quoting From Verses and Passages Shakespeare plays have many beautiful verses; its up to you to find an appropriate verse for your essay. One way to ensure an impactful quote is to ensure that the verse you choose does not leave the idea unfinished. Here are some tips for quoting Shakespeare: If you are quoting verse and it runs longer than four lines, you must write the lines one below the other as you do when you write poetry; However, if the verse is one to four lines long, you should use the line division symbol (/) to indicate the beginning of the next line. Here is an example: Is love a tender thing? It is too rough, / Too rude, too boisterous; and it pricks like thorn(Romeo and Juliet, Act I, Sc. 5, line 25)If you are quoting prose, then there is no need for line divisions. However, to effectively represent the quote, it is beneficial to first provide the contextual relevance of the quote and then proceed to quote the passage. Context helps your reader to understand the quote and to better grasp the message that you wish to convey by using that quote, but you should exercise caution when deciding how much information to supply. Sometimes students give a brief synopsis of the play to make their Shakespeare quote sound relevant to their essay, but it is better to pro vide short, focused background information. Here is an example of how a small amount of context can be provided before a quote to improve its impact:Miranda, daughter of Prospero, and the King of Naples son Ferdinand, are to get married. While Prospero is not optimistic about the arrangement, the couple, Miranda and Ferdinand are looking forward to their union. In this quote, we see the exchange of viewpoints between Miranda and Prospero: Miranda: How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world, That has such people int!Prospero: Tis new to thee.(The Tempest, Act V, Sc. 1, line 183-184) Attribution No formal Shakespeare quote is complete without its attribution. For a Shakespeare quote, you need to provide the play title, followed by act, scene, and line number. It is a good practice to italicize the title of the play, as shown here: In order to ensure that the quote is used in the right context, it is important to reference the quote appropriately. That means, you must mention the characters name who made the statement. Here is an example: He was ever precise in promise-keeping.(Measure for Measure, Act I, Sc. 2)In the play Julius Caesar, the relationship of the husband-wife duo (Brutus and Portia), brings out the conniving nature of Portia, in startling contrast to Brutus gentleness: You are my true and honourable wife;/As dear to me as are the ruddy drops/That visit my sad heart.(Julius Caesar, Act II, Sc. 1) Length of the Quote Avoid using long quotes. Long quotes dilute the essence of the point. In case you have to use a specific long passage, it is better to paraphrase the quote. A Final Word of Advice On this site, you will find a vast resource of Shakespeare quotes. These quotes have been categorized by the title of the Shakespeare play. You can also find more information on how to use quotations in essays.

Do EU trade policies help or hurt developing countries Essay

Do EU trade policies help or hurt developing countries - Essay Example By 2002, EC was already in more than 50 out of about 172 such arrangements around the globe thus maintain economic and trade relations with a myriad of economies in the developed, developing and even less developed economies. The EU has been keen as a positive force to generate economic prosperity for its member states. To the developing economies, EC has maintained preferential trade arrangements under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) while to most less developed countries, trade arrangements have largely been guided by the Cotonou Agreement, which succeeded the Lome’ Convention (Bhagwati, Greenaway, & Panagariya, 1998, p.1128-1148). EU’s trade arrangement within the Euro zone encompasses a common currency, common external tariff, common agricultural and competition policies as well as common rules on freedom of goods and services, capital and people. EU has entered into other trade agreements with countries and regions in other continents of the world. Among these is the European Economic Area (EEA) that extends the EU market to three countries, which are members of the EFTA . Another arrangement is the Customs Unions with countries such as Malta, Cyprus and Turkey. EU has also got several Free Trade Area (FTA) arrangements with a number of countries and regions around the world, but these are at different implementation levels. These include countries such as Tunisia, Egypt, Israel, and Morocco under the Euro-Mediterranean Association, while Denmark, Switzerland, Iceland, Mexico and Chile are under the FTA arrangement among others. There is also the Mediterranean partnership where EU relates with several associates in the southern and Eastern Mediterranean. This particular trade arrangement aims to achieve FTA in line with provisions of the WTO through entering into various bilateral agreements starting with a series of association agreements. It also aimed at the expansion of the EU financial assistance to USD 4.7 billion over a period of 5 years from 1995 within EU-Mediterranean partnership. The ACP (Africa, Caribbean and Pacific) preference is another set of trade arrangements by the EU where it provides one way trade preferences for more than seventy countries in Africa, Caribbean and Pacific. These preferences are, however, not available to all developed countries in these regions and do not also apply to only least developed economies, for example. Thus, contravene the provision of the WTO regarding discriminatory practices, equity and fairness (Devisscher, 2011, p. 60). As per the United Nations rankings, 39 of the ACP economies are under the least developed category. Finally, GSP preferences by EU to a number of least developed countries exist as stipulated under the GSP provisions of the WTO. The EU’s GSP arrangement contains the ‘Everything but Arms’ (EBA) initiative for the least developed economies as well as general arrangements that are available to all developing countries and apply to non-sensitive products that come duty free. There are also the special arrangements under the Environmental and Social clauses, which apply to sensitive products only. Special incentives under the environmental clause apply to developing countr

Amazon Acquisition and Equity Investment Research Paper

Amazon Acquisition and Equity Investment - Research Paper Example 2- SET OF COMPANIES ACQUIRED BY AMAZON IN 2011 In 2011, set of companies were acquired with price of US $771 million by Amazon (Amazon, 2011). None of the companies are defined specifically but all are aimed at market development for Amazon for increasing customer base as well as sales channel increase in portfolio. Two of the companies included Marshall Cavendish US Children’s Books Titles and LoveFilm International Limited Etc (Amazon, 2013). The change in sales and net income from acquisition was as follows: Set Of Companies in 2011 2011 2010 Sales 48,077 34,204 Change In Sales 40.56% Â   Net income 631 1152 Change In NI -45.23% (Amazon, 2011) The above acquisition also impacted sales positively. But rise in sales is increasingly offset by the downside movement of net income. With acquisition of companies Amazon.com has burdened its net income with additional five percent than magnitude of sales rise. Hence, the acquisition cannot be referred as successful strategy. 3- AQC UISITION OF ZAPPOS.COM, INC. The acquisition was conducted on November 2009 with purchase price of US $.1,134 million (Amazon, 2009). The acquisition was aimed at market penetration and expanding Amazon’s presence in categories shoes and apparel. The impact of Zappos.com Inc on the sales and net income has been highly successful as reflected from the given below change in sales and in net income: ZAPPOS.COM, INC IN 2009 2009 2008 Sales 24,509 19,166 Change In Sales 27.88% Â   Net income 902 645 Change In NI 39.84% (Amazon, 2009) Hence, Zappos.com. Inc acquisition can be regarded as successful from results shown above as not only the sales have increased but the profits have increased as well. ANSWER # 2 The assessment of each of the acquisitions mentioned above with respect to its timing of investment is conducted as follows as discussed in annual reports of the company: FOR Kiva IN 2012 Investment Value $678 million SALES Actual Pro Forma Change 2